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Monday, April 13, 2026

April 13, 2026

Strong Roots by APJ Abdul Kalam : Suggestive Points for MCQ# 3rd Semester WBCHSE

 

  • APJ Abdul Kalam's full name is Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam. 
  • Avul is the grandfather of Abdul Kalam.
  • Pakir is the grandmother of Abdul Kalam.
  • Jainulabdeen is the father of Abdul Kalam. (He was a fisherman by profession)
  • Ashiamma is the mother of APJ Abdul Kalam. 
  • APJ Abdul Kalam never married. (He once commented with smile that he forgot to marry 😀)
  • APJ Abdul Kalam was born in 1931 in the island town of Rameshwaram in the erstwhile Madras state. 
  • APJ Abdul Kalam died in 2015 in Shillong, Meghalaya.
  • APJ Abdul Kalam is known as the Missile Man of India. 
  • APJ Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India (1st Citizen of India)from 2002-2007.
  • APJ Abdul Kalam's famous works (books) are India 20-20, Ignited Mind, Wings of Fire.
  • APJ Abdul Kalam's autobiography Wings of Fire was published in 1999. (Co-writer : Arun Tiwari)




To be Continued 

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Monday, April 6, 2026

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Sunday, February 1, 2026

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Monday, January 19, 2026

January 19, 2026

Riders to the Sea by J M Synge: Suggestive Broad Questions & Answers# 4th Semester WBCHSE

 


1. Sketch the character of Maurya from J M Synge's Riders to the Sea.   (Suggetive     for WBHS Exam - 2027)

    Maurya's Character : Maurya, an old widow mother of over eighty is the central character in J.M. Synge's one-act play "Riders to the Sea". Her character is marked by her deep connection to the sea which is both a source of livelihood and a force of death and destruction for her family. This elderly Irish woman of Aran Islands has lost her husband, father-in-law, and six abled-bodied sons to the merciless sea. Finally she becomes lonely surviving only with her two young daughters.
    She is a symbol of endurance and stoicism in the face of relentless tragedy. She is a complex, grief-stricken mother figure, trying to come to terms with the inevitable loss. Her character enriches the depth to explore the themes of the play like mortality, fate, and human struggle against nature. Her tragic character truly goes with "অল্প দুঃখে কাতর, অধিক দুঃখে পাথর".

2. Describe the role of Sea in Riders to the Sea.                            (WBHS Exam - 2026)

    Role of Sea: The Sea is a central, powerful force in J.M. Synge's one-act play "Riders to the Sea". The playwright has portrayed this natural element both as a source of livelihood and a force of death and destruction which takes away the loved ones one after another.
    The Sea provides livelihood through fishing but relentlessly claims the lives of the islanders of Aran, particularly of Maurya's family. It has mercilessly killed her husband, father-in-law and six abled-bodied sons one after another making her completely ruined. It has been portrayed as a volatile, unpredictable, and unkind entity, indifferent to human suffering and faith. It represents an inescapable fate and inevitable force that dictates the islanders' lives and suffering, leading to their ultimate tragedy, the harsh destiny of life.
    Hence shaping the characters' thoughts, actions and emotions, the Sea becomes Omnipresent, Omniscient and Omnipotent.

3. Describe the use of Symbols & Images and its significance in Riders to the Sea.    (Suggetive for WBHS Exam - 2027)

  
  Symbols & Images: J M Synge's one-act play "Riders to the Sea" is enriched with numberless symbols and live images in every sphere. 
    The Sea, the dominant symbol represents an uncontrollable and powerful force of nature - a source of livelihood but also a relentless force of death and destruction which takes away the loved ones one after another, embodying fate and the tragic destiny of the islanders. The White Boards, the Grey Pony and the Red Mare symbolize death and destiny also. The Rope and the Net symbolize the fragile thread between life and death. The hangman's Black Knot represents a tangible symbol of death and destiny which Cathleen tries to cut, signifying their struggle against destiny. The Spinning Wheel represents the Fates, inescapable pattern of life, death, and suffering for the women. Michael's Ghost, seen by Maurya, chasing Bartley signifies a spectral image of death, solidifying the play's supernatural and fated atmosphere. The Holy Water represents faith and protection, highlighting the islanders' deep-rooted spirituality. The Grave Cloth and the Coffin images emphasize mortality.
    The playwright has masterfully and successfully used the symbols and images in conveying the themes of the play vividly and clearly in an artistic way and made his creation a masterpiece in the world of literature forever.

4. Sketch the character and role of Bartley in Riders to the Sea. 
  (Suggetive     for WBHS Exam - 2027)

    Bartley's Character: In J. M. Synge’s one-act play "Riders to the Sea" Bartley, Maurya's youngest and last surviving son is a central character, embodying youthful determination, practicality and duty.

    Bartley is determined to go to Connemara to sell horses at the Galway Fair to secure money for his impoverished family despite the ominous signs, his family's fears and his mother’s pleas and premonitions. He dies tragically as the Grey Pony knocks him into the sea, and he is washed out where there is a great surf on the white rocks.

    Bartley's character represents the youthful energy and resilience of the islanders, while his death serves as their tragic destiny, the harsh reality of Aran Islands, where the sea demands sacrifices of the loved ones relentlessly and ruthlessly one after another. Hence his character draws the play's tragic climax, embodying the themes of duty, inevitability, and the overwhelming power of the Sea. 


5. Consider Riders to the Sea as a successful one-act play.                        (WBHS Exam - 2026)

    Riders to the Sea as a one-act play: J. M. Synge's unique creation "Riders to the Sea" is set on a solitary Irish cottage in Aran Islands within a short timeframe centered on Maurya's stoic acceptance of her last son, Bartley's death by the overwhelming Sea which takes away all the male members of her family one after another relentlessly. Only a few characters with concise dialogue, rich in Irish dialect draw grief and despair, creating a powerful, unified tragic effect with the help of powerful symbols and images like the Sea, the Horses, the Spinning Wheel, the Cloth, the Holy Water, the Coffin, the Rope, the Net, the Black Knot, Michael's Ghost, etc.

    In essence the playwright has masterfully used the one-act structure to distill a timeless story of life, death and acceptance into a poignant, unforgettable dramatic experience vividly and clearly in an artistic way in the world of literature.

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January 19, 2026

Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes: Broad & Short Questions & Answers # 4th Semester WBCHSE

 


# Broad Questions & Answers

1. Comment on the physical features and prowess of the Hawk. Discuss their significance. Or Substance or Theme.      Or
How does the poem Hawk Roosting reflect the hawk's arrogance and sense of superiority?                                                                                     (WBHS Exam - 2026) 

In Ted Hughes' dramatic monologue "Hawk Roosting", the hawk speaks as a symbol of power, dominance and divine right to control. 

Perched at the highest point of the forest, the hawk boastfully claims to limit the entire world between this head-to-foot span, symbolizing its absolute possession and control over the Creation. Closing its powerful eyes, it is only rehearsing perfect killings, not any falsifying dream. It has no sophistry in his body. Hence it's physical features like 'hooked head and hooked feet', sharp eyes and 'each feather' are deeply significant to explore the themes of power, arrogance, natural order and the brutality of existence.

2. Consider Hawk Roosting as a successful dramatic monologue. 

"Dramatic Monologue" is a literary form where a single speaker, who is not the author, addresses an imaginary or silent listener and reveals their presence, motivations, inner thoughts and feelings.

In Ted Hughes' "Hawk Roosting", the hawk speaks as a symbol of power, dominance and divine right to control. 

Perched at the highest point of the forest, the hawk boastfully claims to limit the entire world between this head-to-foot span, symbolizing its absolute possession and control over the Creation. Closing its powerful eyes, it is only rehearsing perfect killings, not any falsifying dream. It has no sophistry in his body - it's physical features like 'hooked head and hooked feet', sharp eyes and 'each feather' are deeply significant to explore the themes of power, arrogance, natural order and the brutality of existence.

Hence the poem 'Hawk Roosting' comes out as a successful Dramatic Monologue with the help of the poet's artistic creation.


#  Short Questions & Answers 

1) Who is the author of the poem ‘Hawk Roosting? What type of poem is it?
Ans. Ted Hughes is the author of the poem ‘Hawk Roosting’.
          The poem 'Hawk Roosting' is a dramatic monologue.

2) What is the meaning of 'Roosting'? 
Ans.  Roosting means a bird's resting or sitting comfortably through the night perhaps contemplating.

3) What is a Dramatic Monologue? 
Ans. "Dramatic Monologue" is a literary form where a single speaker, who is not the author, addresses an imaginary or silent listener and reveals their presence, motivations, inner thoughts and feelings.

4) Who is the speaker of the poem ‘Hawk Roosting ‘? What does it represent ?
Ans. In the poem “Hawk Roosting” by Ted Hughes the speaker is a hawk, roosting in his natural habitat.
         It represents power, dominance, arrogance, the brutality of existence and the human desire for control and authority.

5) What do you understand by 'falsifying dream'?
Ans: In Hawk Roosting, 'falsifying dream' indicates daydreams. Here the speaker, the Hawk does not dream needless dreams even in his sleep. He does not indulge in self-deception or unnecessary thoughts.

6) What does the hawk see in its dream? / What kind of thoughts dominate the hawk’s mind during sleep? 
Ans. Perched at the highest point of the forest and closing its sharp eyes, the hawk only rehearses perfect killings, not any falsifying dream, symbolizing its absolute possession and control over the Creation.

7) Where and how is the hawk roosting?
Ans. Closing its sharp eyes, the hawk is roosting at the highest point of the forest only rehearsing perfect killings not any falsifying dream.

8) What are convenient or advantages for the hawk and Why?
Ans. The air, the sun, and the highest resting place in the forest are convenient for the hawk because they help him to hunt, rule and maintain his power of dominance.

9) What does the hawk inspect from above? How does the earth help him?
Ans. With its sharp eyes the hawk inspects the whole world with all the creatures from above.
          Facing the sky upward, the earth helps the hawk to watch and inspect minutely.

10) Where are the hawk’s feet locked? What does it indicate?
Ans. The hawk’s feet are locked upon the rough bark of tree at the top of the forest.
          It indicates his absolute power, dominance and complete control over the whole Creation.

11) ‘Now I hold the Creation in my foot’-What does the hawk mean by this line?
Ans. In Ted Hughes' dramatic monologue 'Hawk Roosting', the hawk boastfully feels that he has absolute power, dominance and divine right to control over the whole Creation.

12) “I kill where I please because it is all mine.” — why does the hawk say it?
Ans. Here the hawk boastfully believes that the whole world belongs to him and he has supreme power and authority to control and maintain it. Hence killing is his divine right.

13) “The allotment of death.”— Where is this line taken from? What does it suggest?
Ans. The line is taken from Ted Hughes' dramatic monologue “Hawk Roosting”.
         It suggests the hawk’s supreme power to decide the death of its prey — boastfully showing its complete control, dominance, and authority over the whole Creation.

14) “No arguments assert my right”— Who says this and why?
Ans. In Ted Hughes' "Hawk Roosting" the hawk boastfully claims that he has supreme power, dominance and absolute right to control the whole Creation. No argument is applied to his divine strength.

15) “There is no sophistry in my body” - Explain 
Or Describe the physical capability of the hawk 
Or What does the hawk say about his body? What does he want to indicate?

Ans. The hawk boastfully claims he is very strong and powerful with strong wings, sharp eyes, claws and hooked beak to catch and kill his prey tearing off its head simply and directly. There is no sophistry in his body and he does not need any clever trick and justification for his ruthless violent action.

16) “The sun is behind me.” — Explain. 
Ans. The hawk boastfully claims that accepting his dominance and divine right to control over the whole Creation, the universe like the sun supports him and helps him to carry on his authority and supremacy.

17) “Nothing has changed since I began.” or “My eye has permitted no change.”- What does the hawk signify by this line? 
Ans. The hawk boastfully feels his dominance and supreme right to control the whole Creation are unchallenged or unchanged since starting ruling as he watches everything carefully and allows nothing to happen differently.


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Sunday, January 18, 2026

January 18, 2026

Email Writing for 4th Semester WBCHSE

 




Email Writing 

1. Write an Email to your Headmaster for leave of absence.

From : pritambera2026@gmail.com
To : shyampurhighschool@gmail.com
Date: 13.02.2026, 11:05 am

        Sub: Application for Leave of Absence 

Revered Sir,

       With due respect and humble submission, I, Pritam Bera, a student of Class - XII, Section - A, Roll No - 5 of your school, beg to inform you that I could not attend school from 10th February 2026 to 12th February 2026 on account of my illness. I had been suffering from High Fever with Cold. The Doctor advised me to take complete bed rest. 

       Hence I earnestly request you to grant me leave of absence for the said period and please do the needful. 

                                                                                                                                       Sincerely Yours 
                                                                                                 Pritam Bera
Class - XII, Section - A, Roll No - 5, 
Shyampur High School, Shyampur, Hooghly


Email Writing

2. Write an Email to the Head of your office for leave of absence.

From : pritambera2026@gmail.com
To : kolkatamerchantoffice@gmail.com
Date: 13.02.2026, 11:05 am

        Sub: Application for Leave Approval 

Revered MD Sir,

       With due respect and humble submission, I, Pritam Bera, a permanent Group - C staff of your office, beg to inform you that I would not attend office from 14th February 2026 to 15th February 2026 on account of my Personal Affairs. I have to perform some urgent family duties on this said period.

       Hence I earnestly request you to grant me Leave Approval for the said period and please do the needful. 

       Thanking you,        
   Sincerely Yours 
               Pritam Bera,
Group - C Staff,
Kolkata Merchant Office,
Kolkata




To be continued 



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Thursday, January 15, 2026

January 15, 2026

Three Questions by Leo Tolstoy : Short Questions & Answers # 4th Semester WBCHSE

 

1. Who was the author of “Three Questions”? Where is the story taken from?

Ans : The author of the story “Three Questions” is Leo Tolstoy.  His full name is Lev (Leo) Nikolayevich Tolstoy.

The short story "Three Questions" is first published in What Men Live By and other Tales in 1885.

2. To whom did the three questions occur? Who is called Tsar?

Ans : The three questions occurred to a certain Tsar. Tsar is the King or the Supreme Ruler of Russia before 1917.

3. What did he do as the questions occurred to him?

Ans : As this thought occurred to the Tsar, he proclaimed throughout his kingdom that he would give a great reward to anyone who would give him the right answers.

4. Why did the Tsar want the answers to his three questions? 

Ans : The Tsar wanted the answers to his three questions of life because he thought that if he always knew the answers, he would never fail in anything he would undertake. 

5. What are the three questions that occurred to the Tsar?

Ans : These three important questions are –

i) What is the right time to begin everything?

ii) Who are the right people whom he should listen to and whom he would avoid?

iii) What is the most important action to do for him?

6. Who came first to answer the questions of the Tsar? How did they answer?

Ans : Many learned men came first to the  Tsar to answer his three vital questions of life. But they all answered his three questions differently.

7. What according to the learned men is the role or function of the time table?

Ans : One must draw up in advance a table of days, months and  years and must live strictly according to it. Only thus everything could be done at its proper time.

8. What according to the learned men is the role or function of a council?

Ans : According to the learned men, one should have a council of wise men who would help him to fix the popper time for everything.

9. What according to the learned men is the role or function of magicians?

Ans : According to the learned men, only magicians know what is going to happen. So in order to know the right time for every action one must consult magicians.

10. What, according to the learned men, was the answer to the 2nd question of the Tsar?

Ans : The learned men answered differently in response to the second question of the Tsar. They said that the most needed persons were his councilors, the priests, the doctors and the warriors. 

11. What, according to the learned men, was the answer to the third question of the Tsar?

Ans : The learned men answered differently in response to the third question of the Tsar. They said that the most important things were science, skill in warfare and religious worship.

12. Why did the Tsar decide to consult the hermit ?

Ans : All the answers being different, the Tsar agreed with none of the learned men. Wishing to find the right answers to his questions, he decided to consult a hermit who was widely renowned for his wisdom.

13. Where did the hermit live and whom did he meet? 

Ans. The hermit, who was widely renowned for his wisdom, lived in a wood which he never quitted. He received none but the common folk.

14. How did the Tsar go to meet the hermit? Why did the Tsar go to meet the hermit in disguise?

Ans. As the hermit received none but the common folk, the Tsar put on simple clothes, left his horse and bodyguard behind and walked to the hermit alone.

15.  What was the hermit doing when the Tsar came to visit him?

Ans. When the Tsar approached, the hermit was digging the ground in front his hut. Seeing the Tsar, he greeted him and went on digging.

16. Describe the physical condition of the hermit. 

The hermit was fail and weak. While striking the spade into the ground and turning a little earth, he was breathing heavily.

17. “You are tired.” Who said this and to whom? What did he do then? Or How did the Tsar help the hermit?

Ans. The Tsar said this to the hermit who was working hard and tired. 

         The Tsar took the spade from him and started digging the ground. He had dug two beds for him. Thus he helped in digging for two hours continuously.

18.  “Let us see who it is.” – Who is the man referred to here? Or Whom did the hermit see come running?

Ans : The hermit saw a bearded man come running out of the wood. The stranger had a bad wound in his stomach. It was bleeding heavily.

19. Describe the wound of the stranger.

Ans :  The stranger, the bearded man who came running out of the wood, had a bad wound in his stomach. It was bleeding heavily.

20. Who attacked the bearded man and why?

Ans : In Leo Tolstoy’s short story Three Questions, the Tsar’s bodyguard attacked the bearded man because he wanted to kill the Tsar as he had executed his brother and seized his property.

21. Why did the bearded man want to take revenge on the Tsar?

Ans. In Leo Tolstoy’s short story Three Questions, the bearded man wanted to take revenge on the Tsar because he had executed his brother and seized his property.

22. Where & Why did the Tsar fall asleep? Or Why did the Tsar lie down on the threshold and fell asleep?

Ans : In Leo Tolstoy’s short story Three Questions, the Tsar crouched down on the threshold of the hermit’s hut and fell asleep because he was so tired with walking and digging the beds. 

23. “ Forgive me” – Why did the man beg forgiveness? Or What did the Tsar do with his
 enemy? Or Why did the Tsar forgive the wounded man?

Ans. The bearded man wanted to kill the Tsar. But that Tsar saved his life. Being ashamed the man gave up all anger, wanted to serve him and begged forgiveness. Being happy the Tsar became friend and promised to give back his property and send his servants and own physician for his treatment.

24. What did the wounded man promise the Tsar?

Ans : The wounded man promised the Tsar that he would serve him faithfully for the rest of his life and would also tell his sons to do the same.

25. What was the hermit doing when the Tsar came to take leave of him?
Ans : When the Tsar came to take leave of him, on his knees, the hermit was sowing seeds in the beds he had dug the day before.

26. “You have already been answered!” – Who said this to whom & why?

Ans : The hermit said this to the Tsar because, through his own actions — helping the hermit dig, saving the wounded man, and showing kindness to him — he had already been answered to his three questions.

27. What, according to the hermit, is the most important time?

Ans : According to the hermit, the most important time is the present moment, because it is the only time when we have any power to do good for others.

28. Who, according to the hermit, is the most important person?

Ans : According to the hermit, the most important person is the one with whom we are at the present moment as nobody knows what would happen to him.

29. What, according to the hermit, is the most important thing to do?

Ans : In Leo Tolstoy’s short story Three Questions, according to the hermit, the most important thing to do is doing good for others because ‘man for man’s shake’.
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Strong Roots by APJ Abdul Kalam : Suggestive Points for MCQ# 3rd Semester WBCHSE

  APJ Abdul Kalam's full name is Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam.  Avul is the grandfather of Abdul Kalam. Pakir is the grandmother ...