• APJ Abdul Kalam's full name is Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam. 
• Avul is the grandfather of Abdul Kalam.
• Pakir is the grandmother of Abdul Kalam.
• Jainulabdeen is the father of Abdul Kalam. (He was a fisherman by profession)
• Ashiamma is the mother of APJ Abdul Kalam. 
• APJ Abdul Kalam never married. (He once commented with smile that he forgot to marry 😀)
• APJ Abdul Kalam was born in 1931 in the island town of Rameshwaram in the erstwhile Madras state. 
• APJ Abdul Kalam died in 2015 in Shillong, Meghalaya.
• APJ Abdul Kalam is known as the Missile Man of India. 
• APJ Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India (1st Citizen of India)from 2002-2007.
• APJ Abdul Kalam's famous works (books) are India 20-20, Ignited Mind, Wings of Fire.
• APJ Abdul Kalam's autobiography Wings of Fire was published in 1999. (Co-writer : Arun Tiwari)

1. Write an Email to your Headmaster for leave of absence.

1. Who was the author of “Three Questions”? Where is the story taken from?

Ans : The author of the story “Three Questions” is Leo Tolstoy.  His full name is Lev (Leo) Nikolayevich Tolstoy.

The short story "Three Questions" is first published in What Men Live By and other Tales in 1885.

2. To whom did the three questions occur? Who is called Tsar?

Ans : The three questions occurred to a certain Tsar. Tsar is the King or the Supreme Ruler of Russia before 1917.

3. What did he do as the questions occurred to him?

Ans : As this thought occurred to the Tsar, he proclaimed throughout his kingdom that he would give a great reward to anyone who would give him the right answers.

4. Why did the Tsar want the answers to his three questions? 

Ans : The Tsar wanted the answers to his three questions of life because he thought that if he always knew the answers, he would never fail in anything he would undertake. 

5. What are the three questions that occurred to the Tsar?

Ans : These three important questions are –

i) What is the right time to begin everything?

ii) Who are the right people whom he should listen to and whom he would avoid?

iii) What is the most important action to do for him?

6. Who came first to answer the questions of the Tsar? How did they answer?

Ans : Many learned men came first to the  Tsar to answer his three vital questions of life. But they all answered his three questions differently.

7. What according to the learned men is the role or function of the time table?

Ans : One must draw up in advance a table of days, months and  years and must live strictly according to it. Only thus everything could be done at its proper time.

8. What according to the learned men is the role or function of a council?

Ans : According to the learned men, one should have a council of wise men who would help him to fix the popper time for everything.

9. What according to the learned men is the role or function of magicians?

Ans : According to the learned men, only magicians know what is going to happen. So in order to know the right time for every action one must consult magicians.

10. What, according to the learned men, was the answer to the 2nd question of the Tsar?

Ans : The learned men answered differently in response to the second question of the Tsar. They said that the most needed persons were his councilors, the priests, the doctors and the warriors. 

11. What, according to the learned men, was the answer to the third question of the Tsar?

Ans : The learned men answered differently in response to the third question of the Tsar. They said that the most important things were science, skill in warfare and religious worship.

12. Why did the Tsar decide to consult the hermit ?

Ans : All the answers being different, the Tsar agreed with none of the learned men. Wishing to find the right answers to his questions, he decided to consult a hermit who was widely renowned for his wisdom.

13. Where did the hermit live and whom did he meet? 

Ans. The hermit, who was widely renowned for his wisdom, lived in a wood which he never quitted. He received none but the common folk.

14. How did the Tsar go to meet the hermit? Why did the Tsar go to meet the hermit in disguise?

Ans. As the hermit received none but the common folk, the Tsar put on simple clothes, left his horse and bodyguard behind and walked to the hermit alone.

15.  What was the hermit doing when the Tsar came to visit him?

Ans. When the Tsar approached, the hermit was digging the ground in front his hut. Seeing the Tsar, he greeted him and went on digging.

16. Describe the physical condition of the hermit. 

The hermit was fail and weak. While striking the spade into the ground and turning a little earth, he was breathing heavily.

17. “You are tired.” Who said this and to whom? What did he do then? Or How did the Tsar help the hermit?

Ans. The Tsar said this to the hermit who was working hard and tired. 

         The Tsar took the spade from him and started digging the ground. He had dug two beds for him. Thus he helped in digging for two hours continuously.

18.  “Let us see who it is.” – Who is the man referred to here? Or Whom did the hermit see come running?

Ans : The hermit saw a bearded man come running out of the wood. The stranger had a bad wound in his stomach. It was bleeding heavily.

19. Describe the wound of the stranger.

1. Write a blog on 'Impact of AI on students in present days. 

Title: Impact of AI on Students in Present Days 

Introduction: At present the proverb 'Creation is greater than creator' goes completely true in the age of AI. Now Artificial Intelligence has become more efficient and faster than the human being. 

Main Body: AI tools like Chat GPT, Gemini, Google bird, etc. help students in understanding complex topics, improving knowledge and saving time. They make learning more interesting and more interactive. However students should avoid over dependence on it.

Conclusion: AI is a great helper if it is used responsively. 

Call to Action: To learn more stay connected with us and share your thoughts in the comments.

2. "The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers: A Blessing or a Curse?" - Write a blog highlighting the positive and negative effects of social media.

The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers: A Blessing or a Curse?

Introduction: Social media is an inseparable part of teenagers' lives today. While it helps them to connect and learn, it also brings certain risks. Let's look at both sides.

Positive Effects:

Staying Connected: Teens can connect with friends and family easily, even virtually.

Learning and Awareness: Platforms like You Tube help them with Study materials, news and updates.

A Creativity: Teenagers can express their talents in music, art and writing.

Negative Effects:

Addiction: Too much time Spending on Social Media affects studies and focus.

Cyberbullying: It can harm mental health.

Privacy Risks: Personal details may be misused.

Conclusion:

Social Media has both good and bad effects. Teenagers should use it wisely to enjoy the benefits and avoid the harm.

Call to Action (CTA): To learn more stay connected with us and share your thoughts in the comments.

3. Write a blog on Cyber-crimes.

Cybercrime: A Social Threat

At present Cybercrime is a great threat to us in our modern digital world. It's the most extreme concern today.

Information Technology related crimes are called Cybercrime. In this case, even through a smartphone the criminals illegally access the accounts of others, steal their information and data and use it for their own benefit. Sometimes they publish false information, obscene and vulgar pictures and videos or others' information or images without permission. It is an offense.

To get rid of Cybercrimes and to be enriched with more digital facilities, surveillance and Cyber Securities must be increased and harsh punishment should be ensured for the criminals. 

To learn more stay connected with us and share your opinions in the comments. 

"Environment Protection for Future Generation"

Environment is the most precious gift of nature. But now our environment is in great danger. Protecting the environment is very important for our future.

We can protect our invaluable environment in various ways. Here are five simple but important ways to save environment:

•  Stop deforestation and plant more trees.
•  Don't waste water; save water.
•  Stop using plastic; use eco-friendly products. 
•  Follow 3R: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
•  Drive less, walk more.

Environment will revenge in the form of natural disaster and calamities if we do not use it properly and eco-friendly. 

To learn more stay connected with us and share your thoughts in the comments.

5. "Tips for students to achieve success" - Write a blog outlining your tips to students on how to achieve success.

"Five Important Tips for Students to Achieve Success"

Every student wants success. It needs focus, hard work and good habits. Here are five important tips for this.

Tips for Success:

• Set Clear Goals: Know what you want to achieve.
• Manage Time: Make a timetable and follow it daily.
• Stay Focused: Avoid distractions like too much phone use, time pass with friends, gossiping ,etc.
• Ask for Help: Don't be afraid to ask teachers or friends in doubt.
• Take Care of Health: Eat well, sleep enough and stay active.

Success is not about luck; it's the result of smart choices, efforts and good habits. By these students can reach their goals.

To learn more stay connected with us and share your thoughts in the comments.

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*****How does William Shakespeare use images to symbolize aging and mortality?       6 Marks

          In his beautiful poem 'Sonnet 73' William Shakespeare uses three vivid imagery of Autumn, Twilight and a Dying Fire  to describe the theme of aging and the passage of time and death.

          The sonnet begins with the image of late autumn, where the leaves are yellowing and falling. It symbolizes the later stage of life when vitality begins to fade.

        The second quatrain compares life to twilight, the time between sunset and night. It represents the nearing end of the day, symbolizing the approach of death. 

   The last quatrain refers to a dying fire with glowing embers. It symbolizes the last moments of life, the fading warmth and light before the end.

        These three vital images create a powerful metaphor for aging and mortality, evoking a sense of melancholy but also a deeper appreciation for life.

*** Short Type Questions & Answers:                                                                             2 Marks

1)  What is the form of Shakespeare's Sonnet 73 ?

William Shakespeare's Sonnet 73 is an English Sonnet consisting of three quatrains (4 lines each) and a concluding couplet (last 2 lines) written in iambic pentameter. Its rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.

2)  What is a Shakespearean sonnet?

 Shakespearean Sonnet is a poetry of 14 lines consisting of three quatrains (4 lines each) and a concluding couplet (last 2 lines).It's rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.

3)  What is the very special technical quality of Shakespeare’s sonnet?

The very special technical quality of Shakespeare’s sonnet is the introduction of rhymed concluding couplet of two lines at the end of the poetry.

4)  Who is addressed to in Sonnet 73? / Who is referred to as 'thou' in Shakespeare's Sonnet 73?

Ans. In Shakespeare's Sonnet 73 the 'Fair Youth' is addressed / referred to here. Most probably he is the poet's beloved friend William Herbert, the Earl of Southampton.

5)  “That time of year thou mayst in me behold” – Who says this and to whom?

Ans. In his Sonnet 73, the poet, William Shakespeare says this to his beloved friend, the 'Fair Youth' most probably William Herbert, the Earl of Southampton.

6)  What does Shakespeare mean by “That time of year”? What does it stand for?

Ans. By “That time of year,” Shakespeare refers to late autumn or early winter. It stands for the later stage of life, symbolizing the old age and approach of death.

7)  What season is compared to the poet’s life stage in Sonnet 73?

Ans. In Shakespeare's 'Sonnet 73' the Late Autumn is compared to the poet’s life stage, symbolizing old age and decline, just before the coming of unavoidable death.

8) “When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang” – What do the yellow leaves symbolize in this line?

Ans. In late autumn the leaves turn yellow before falling down finally. Here 'yellow leaves' is a symbol of aging and the impending death.

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9) "Upon those boughs which shake against the cold” – What do boughs represent? / What shake against the cold in Shakespeare's Sonnet 73?

Ans. The boughs or the branches of tree shake against the cold, symbolizing the poet’s weak and shivering body due to old age and the impending death.

10) “Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang” – What does the expression ‘bare ruin’d choirs’ suggest?

Ans. The expression ‘bare ruin’d choirs’ suggests empty, leafless branches that were full of life and songs once symbolizing the loss of youth, vitality, and joy in the poet’s old age.

11) “In me thou seest the twilight of such day” – What does ‘twilight’ suggest here?

Ans. The word ‘twilight’ suggests the last stage of life as twilight comes before night. It symbolizes the approaching end of poet's life with fading light of his vitality and youth.

12) “In me thou seest the twilight of such day” – Explain the metaphor here.

Ans. Here the metaphor compares life to a day. Youth is like morning, old age is like twilight (the poet’s current stage), and death is night.

13) “As after sunset fadeth in the west” – What does ‘sunset’ indicate here?

Ans. The word ‘sunset’ indicates the decline of the poet’s youth and energy, strength and vitality, symbolizing the impending death just as sunset marks the end of the day.

14) “As after sunset fadeth in the west” – What does the word ‘fadeth’ suggest?

Ans. The word ‘fadeth’ suggests the gradual decline of the poet's youth and energy, showing how the vitality is slowly disappearing, just as the light fades after sunset.

15) “Which by and by black night doth take away,” – What does ‘black night’ refer to in this poem? What does the 'black night' take away and how?

Ans. In Shakespeare's 'Sonnet 73' the 'black night '  refers to death metaphorically. It takes away life silently, completely, irreversibly, like darkness consuming the remaining light after twilight.

16) What is called ‘Death’s second self’ in Sonnet 73?

Ans. In Shakespeare's Sonnet 73 sleeping is called ‘Death’s second self’, as it is similar to death, bringing temporary rest and darkness like death does permanently.

17) What ‘seals up all in rest’?

Ans. In Shakespeare's Sonnet 73 Death’s “second self”, Sleeping, seals up all in rest, but specifically death itself ultimately seals all life in eternal rest.

18) What symbolic element represents the speaker’s lost passion?

Ans. The glowing fire turning to ashes symbolizes the speaker’s / poet's lost passion and fading energy, strength and vitality in course of time.

19) What is consuming the speaker’s life force?

Ans. The inevitable Time, which nourished his life initially, is now consuming it completely and slowly bringing him closer to death.

20) “In me thou seest the glowing of such fire” – What comparison do you find here?

Ans. The line compares the poet’s fading life to a dying fire, burning low before going out. His youth, vitality, passion and strength are fading as he is very close to death.

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21)  What does the poet say about youth in Sonnet 73?

Ans. In Shakespeare's 'Sonnet 73' the poet implies that youth is full of beauty and vitality like spring or a strong fire. But gradually it is lost forever with the passage of time. Finally it is remembered nostalgically in old age.

22) “This thou perceiv’st” – Who will perceive and what?

Ans. In Shakespeare's 'Sonnet 73' the poet's beloved friend will perceive the signs of aging and approaching death and realize how time is taking away the poet’s youth, vitality, strength and passion.

23) What is the speaker’s attitude towards death by the end of the sonnet?

Ans. At the end of the Sonnet 73 the poet William Shakespeare accepts the inevitable and natural death calmly and wisely, realizing that awareness of the approaching death deepens love and makes life and relationships more valuable.

24) What is the primary message the poet conveys to the beloved in the concluding couplet?

Ans. The poet conveys that the awareness of his approaching death deepens love, making them more valuable and cherish their love more intensely before it ends.

25) Discuss the theme of Sonnet 73.

Ans. The main theme of Sonnet 73 is the passage of time and the approaching death. It shows how aging leads to loss of youth and strength, but also how this awareness deepens love and emotional connection.

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